1,252 research outputs found
Study of an attitude control system for the astronaut maneuvering unit final report, dec. 1963 - jul. 1964
Attitude control system for astronaut maneuvering unit
Computer recommendations for an automatic approach and landing system for V/STOL aircraft. Volume 2 - Equations
Automatic approach and landing system for V/STOL aircraf
Color television study Final report, Nov. 1965 - Mar. 1966
Color television camera for transmission from lunar and earth orbits and lunar surfac
CWRML: representing crop wild relative conservation and use data in XML
Background
Crop wild relatives are wild species that are closely related to crops. They are valuable as potential gene donors for crop improvement and may help to ensure food security for the future. However, they are becoming increasingly threatened in the wild and are inadequately conserved, both in situ and ex situ. Information about the conservation status and utilisation potential of crop wild relatives is diverse and dispersed, and no single agreed standard exists for representing such information; yet, this information is vital to ensure these species are effectively conserved and utilised. The European Community-funded project, European Crop Wild Relative Diversity Assessment and Conservation Forum, determined the minimum information requirements for the conservation and utilisation of crop wild relatives and created the Crop Wild Relative Information System, incorporating an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) schema to aid data sharing and exchange.
Results
Crop Wild Relative Markup Language (CWRML) was developed to represent the data necessary for crop wild relative conservation and ensure that they can be effectively utilised for crop improvement. The schema partitions data into taxon-, site-, and population-specific elements, to allow for integration with other more general conservation biology schemata which may emerge as accepted standards in the future. These elements are composed of sub-elements, which are structured in order to facilitate the use of the schema in a variety of crop wild relative conservation and use contexts. Pre-existing standards for data representation in conservation biology were reviewed and incorporated into the schema as restrictions on element data contents, where appropriate.
Conclusion
CWRML provides a flexible data communication format for representing in situ and ex situ conservation status of individual taxa as well as their utilisation potential. The development of the schema highlights a number of instances where additional standards-development may be valuable, particularly with regard to the representation of population-specific data and utilisation potential. As crop wild relatives are intrinsically no different to other wild plant species there is potential for the inclusion of CWRML data elements in the emerging standards for representation of biodiversity data
Computer recommendations for an automatic approach and landing system for V/STOL aircraft. Volume 1 - Computer recommendations
Evaluation of digital computer for V/STOL aircraft automatic approach and landing syste
Structural Kinetic Modeling of Metabolic Networks
To develop and investigate detailed mathematical models of cellular metabolic
processes is one of the primary challenges in systems biology. However, despite
considerable advance in the topological analysis of metabolic networks,
explicit kinetic modeling based on differential equations is still often
severely hampered by inadequate knowledge of the enzyme-kinetic rate laws and
their associated parameter values. Here we propose a method that aims to give a
detailed and quantitative account of the dynamical capabilities of metabolic
systems, without requiring any explicit information about the particular
functional form of the rate equations. Our approach is based on constructing a
local linear model at each point in parameter space, such that each element of
the model is either directly experimentally accessible, or amenable to a
straightforward biochemical interpretation. This ensemble of local linear
models, encompassing all possible explicit kinetic models, then allows for a
systematic statistical exploration of the comprehensive parameter space. The
method is applied to two paradigmatic examples: The glycolytic pathway of yeast
and a realistic-scale representation of the photosynthetic Calvin cycle.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures (color
Low cobalt inventories in the Amundsen and Ross seas driven by high demand for labile cobalt uptake among native phytoplankton communities
Cobalt (Co) is a scarce but essential micronutrient for marine plankton in
the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctic seas, where dissolved cobalt (dCo)
concentrations can be extremely low. This study presents total dCo and
labile dCo distributions measured via shipboard voltammetry in the Amundsen
Sea, the Ross Sea and Terra Nova Bay during the CICLOPS (Cobalamin and Iron
Co-Limitation of Phytoplankton Species) expedition. A significantly smaller
dCo inventory was observed during the 2017/2018 CICLOPS expedition compared
to two 2005/2006 expeditions to the Ross Sea conducted over a decade
earlier. The dCo inventory loss (∼ 10–20 pM) was present in
both the surface and deep ocean and was attributed to the loss of labile
dCo, resulting in the near-complete complexation of dCo by strong ligands in
the photic zone. A changing dCo inventory in Antarctic coastal seas could be
driven by the alleviation of iron (Fe) limitation in coastal areas, where the
flux of Fe-rich sediments from melting ice shelves and deep sediment
resuspension may have shifted the region towards vitamin B12 and/or
zinc (Zn) limitation, both of which are likely to increase the demand for Co
among marine plankton. High demand for Zn by phytoplankton can result in
increased Co and cadmium (Cd) uptake because these metals often share the
same metal uptake transporters. This study compared the magnitudes and
ratios of Zn, Cd and Co uptake (ρ) across upper-ocean profiles and
the observed order-of-magnitude uptake trends (ρZn > ρCd > ρCo) that paralleled the trace metal concentrations in
seawater. High rates of Co and Zn uptake were observed throughout the
region, and the speciation of available Co and Zn appeared to influence
trends in dissolved metal : phosphate stoichiometry and uptake rates over
depth. Multi-year loss of the dCo inventory throughout the water column may
be explained by an increase in Co uptake into particulate organic matter and
subsequently an increased flux of Co into sediments via sinking and burial.
This perturbation of the Southern Ocean Co biogeochemical cycle could signal
changes in the nutrient limitation regimes, phytoplankton bloom composition
and carbon sequestration sink of the Southern Ocean.</p
Constructing and manipulating color imagery from digital data
The development of a multispectral scanner data analysis console is reported that incorporates a wideband tape unit, a teletypewriter, a digital computer, and color display as well as numeric display terminals. The device is able to digitize infrared scanner images and displays color differences according to signal differences between analog channels
Paper and electronic versions of HM-PRO, a novel patient-reported outcome measure for hematology: an equivalence study.
© 2019 Goswami, Oliva, Ionova et al.Aim:To determine measurement equivalence of paper and electronic application of the hematologi-cal malignancy-patient-reported outcome (HM-PRO), a specific measure for the evaluation of patient-reported outcomes in HMs.Patients & methods:Following International Society of Pharmacoeconomicsand Outcomes Research ePRO Good Research Practice Task Force guidelines, a total of 193 adult patientswith different HMs were recruited into a multicenter prospective study. The paper and the electronic ver-sion of the instrument were completed in the outpatient clinics in a randomized crossover design with a30-min time interval to minimize the learning effect. Those who completed the paper version first, com-pleted the electronic version after 30 min and vice versa. Instrument version and order effects were testedon total score of the two parts of the HM-PRO (Part A: quality of life and Part B: signs & symptoms) in atwo-way ANOVA with patients as random effects. Intraclass correlation coefficients (95% CI) and Spear-man’s rank correlation coefficients were used to evaluate test–retest reliability and reproducibility. Theeffects of instrument version and order were tested on total score of the two parts of HM-PRO.Results:The questionnaire version and administration order effects were not significant at the 5% level. Therewere no interactions found between these two factors for HM-PRO (Part A [quality of life]; p=0.95); and(part B [signs and symptoms]; p=0.72]. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9, andintraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.94 to 0.98; furthermore, the scores were not statisticallydifferent between the two versions, showing acceptable reliability indexes. Noteworthy, the differencebetween the completion time for both paper (mean=6:38 min) and electronic version (mean=7:29 min)was not statistically significant (n=100; p=0.11). Patients did not report any difficulty in completing theelectronic version during cognitive interviews and were able to understand and respond spontaneously.Conclusion:Measurement equivalence has been demonstrated for the paper and electronic applicationof the HM-PRO.Peer reviewe
An evaluation of management strategies for Atlantic tuna stocks
International agreements for the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) convention area imply that Atlantic tuna stocks should be managed by strategies based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY); however, there is concern whether this will actually ensure sustainability with sufficiently high probability consistent with the principals of the precautionary approach. Therefore, the performance of MSY management strategies based on current assessment procedures was evaluated using a computer simulation framework. The framework includes the data collection, assessment, prediction, and management processes, as well as the implementation of management regulations. It therefore provides an integrated way to evaluate the relative importance of and the interactions between each component of the system with regard to the overall success of the management strategy. The study elucidates guidelines about assessment and management that are general enough to be applied to all tunas in the Atlantic Ocean. It does so by comparing different hypotheses about management and assessment for three stocks (North Atlantic albacore, Atlantic bigeye and East Atlantic skipjack), which are representative of the variety encountered (i.e. from data rich to poor and tropical to temperate waters) in ICCAT stocks. Management performance was especially sensitive to the carrying capacity of the stock. The type of proxy used for MSY was more important to the success of the procedure than the frequency of assessment or the number of indices used in the assessment. Whilst the procedure was successful at achieving the management objectives for albacore, it was only partially successful for bigeye and was too conservative for skipjack.No disponibl
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